Timeline of events that lead to 9/11/01

Events that occurred which lead up to the devastating 9/11:

• 1979, Soviets Invade Afghanistan

A group of Soviets on their way to Afghanistan.

A Map of the Soviet Routes on the invasion of Afghanistan.

• Bin Laden asks for the holy warriors to protect Saudi Arabia, but instead accepts help from U.S.

A U.S. Soldier helping a Saudi Soldier learn how to use this missile launcher.

• Afghanistan 1992, Ramzi Yousef made and created ideas for bombing the world trade center

A picture of Ramzi Yousef.

• Ramzi Yousef failed to destroy towers, so he vowed that he will destroy the towers one day

The aftermath of the 1993 World Trade Center Bombing. As seen here, their plan failed when they thought that their planted bombs would cause one tower to fall and crush the other one with it.

• 1996, Bin Laden writes a declaration of war on U.S.

Osama Bin Laden signed a Fatwa that declared war on the U.S. which was published all around in London Newspapers.

• Bin Laden wanted to anger the U.S. so they would fall into his trap of sending the U.S. soldiers to go battle on their home turf

Some Al-Qaeda Soldiers.

Map that shows how Bin Laden's plan was to use their knowledge of their homeland to their advantage against the U.S.

• Bin laden asks for the last time, that the U.S. take out their troops from the 1991 gulf war, and leave everything that causes a disruption they thought was unholy.

A Map of the Gulf War

Soldiers on charred oil fields during the 1991 Gulf War.

• 2000, members from Al-Qaeda bomb navy marines. U.S. President Bush doesn't do anything to retaliate against this attack

The aftermath of the bombed ship, USS Cole, in 2000.

• FAA warned the U.S. of a possibility of a suicide and hijacking attack on the U.S.

A security footage of Mohammed Atta and Abdulaziz Alomari passing through security. Even though the FAA noticed some warning signs they just brushed it off thinking that some plan like this was impossible.

• The ultimate plans and preparations undertaken by the terrorists, and the intense amount of focus and determination to get everything set and perfectly ready for their mission.

One of the places that these terrorists have went to train themselves for flight.

There were also many other things they've planned for. They brought; knives, different hotel rooms, and even sat accordingly so that they could hijack the plane easier.

All These events played a vital role, whether increasing Bin Laden's desire to accomplish his goal, or just being another facade for the real attack. They added up together and led up to 9/11.

Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement Events:

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

This was also known as the "greatest decision of the Supreme Court in the 20th century." This trial was about children that are segregated in public schools. The Supreme court believed that this was violated the 14th amendment and tried to desegregate it. Although, it did not succeed, it showed that the Constitution was all for racial equality.

The First day of desegregation, at Fort Myer Elementary School, on September 8,1954.

• The 1955-1956 Montgomery Bus Boycott

This was a major achievement in racial desegregation. With Rosa Parks getting arrested and Martin Luther King Jr. leading the way, he asked the people who were affected by racial discrimination in the buses, to act with nonviolence to solve this problem. It worked, after almost 13 months of protest, the Supreme Court finally deemed that segregation in the buses was unconstitutional and fixed this problem. This was the major steps that many people took, to break down many walls of racial segregation.

Rosa Parks is the one sitting in the bus. She was the one who ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott to start.

• The 1957-1958 Little Rock School Crisis

"Nine African American students, Minnijean Brown, Terrance Roberts, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Patillo, Gloria Ray, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls" wanted to try and integrate their high school in Little Rock. Many people thought this was outrageous. White mobs formed outside the school, telling them that they should go back to their own kind. As things got worse, President Eisenhower orders police to protect the students, and allowed them to pursue their goals.

Police outside Little Rock Central High School, in protection of those African Americans who wished to attend this school.

• The sit-ins and freedom rides of the early 1960s

As the Civil Rights Movement, was progressing very successfully, more and more people decided to take the peaceful protest direction. Four African American college students decided to enter and sit in an all-whites lunch counter. They were refused anything that they ordered, so in protest they just sat there peacefully. This started many sit-ins where people would enter, and just sit there until closing time. Many student activists were then born.

Student Activists who sat in the reserved areas for white people, waiting for their turn.

• The 1963 civil rights protest in Birmingham

Many protests happened which caused much uncertainty within the white community. They wanted the police to keep arresting these violators. As more and more people got arrested, someone had to take the blame, and so Martin Luther King Jr. decided to do the faithful act. When he got out, James Bevel proposed that he use students as an example of the segregation in the world. These pictures that were shown of the students getting assaulted and blasted with fire hoses, it drew attention to the south, and finally allowed desegregation to commence.

Violent acts that were put upon the many students who peacefully protested. They were sometimes hit by a fire hose such as this picture, and sometimes even worse.

• The 1963 March on Washington

On this march, people protested for civil and economic rights for African Americans. During this day, August 28, 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his speech "I Have A Dream," to the people in Washington, D.C. to call for the end of racism. These acts helped make President John F. Kennedy, to initiate civil rights bill in the congress.

Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his memorable speech "I Have A Dream" to the people of D.C. 

The Holocaust

          The Holocaust, the mass destruction of the Jews by the Nazi party. They used many methods of torture, and even resorted to moving them to concentration camps, where many were killed. The Nazi's decided to do this, because they wanted to use the Jews as a scapegoat for their failures during World War I.
          As Hitler came to power, he made the Germans believe that the Jews were an inferior race, and that they should be eradicated. He wrote his "Mein Kampf" which thus became the bible for the Nazi party. With all these events coming into play, the Nazi party grew stronger and soon overpowered the Jews, and killed a vast amount of them.

Some of the things that the Nazis did to the Jews were:

(WARNING : Some of these pictures may be graphic for some viewers.)

1. The Nazis made the Jews wear a specific patch on their clothes depicting the star of David, against their will.

Jewish citizens being transported to concentration camps from the Transit camps in Paris.

2. The Nazis also forced Jews onto trains, where they packed about 60 people to a cart where as the normal capacity would only be about 10 people to a cart. As they were being transported, many died along the way.

American soldiers inspecting a railroad cart filled with a pile of corpses.

3. The Nazis did whatever they wanted, they hit and forced the Jews to do stupid and irrelevant things. They made them dance, and if they wanted to, the Nazis shot and killed the Jews on sight.

German soldier shooting a Ukrainian Jew during an execution.

4. Jews were unable to roam around towns,and even public places. the Nazis order the Jews to only have $2000, and no more that that.

5. Jews were evacuated forcefully and moved to concentration camps where many lives perished.

6. As the Jews were in the concentration camps, the Nazis starved them. Many ended up dying due to starvation and by numerous diseases.

A starving French man, who is sitting next to a pile of dead bodies.

7. The Nazis were so determined to harass and torture the Jews in anyway possible, they even stole their belongings. In this picture, it shows a great multitude of rings that were taken from the Jews.

An American soldier holding a handful of wedding bands, that were taken by the Germans.

Cold War Showdown

President Kennedy addressing that Cuba will be contained, and if any means of harm comes towards the U.S. we will not wait to fight back.

A map of Cuba, that locates the Missile Locations, which led President Kennedy to order the blockade on Cuba.

An emergency U.N. Security Council meeting concerning the Cuban Missile Crisis.

As seen in this picture, many people are eagerly awaiting the news for any signs of action on the Cuban Missile Crisis.

There were many people who wanted peace within the world,. Like the CND ,they protested against the usage of any nuclear weapons.

An example of the U.S. air surveillance, as soviet ships try to sail to Cuba.

The U.S. Navy Ship Dahlgren, following the Soviet Leninsky Komsomol, as it leaves Cuba On November 10, 1962.

This video below, shows the general summary of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and President Kennedy's plan of action towards this event.

Atomic Blog

The Atomic Bomb, a new weapon that was created by the help of many scientists, and looked over by President Truman. As Truman stepped forth to become president, he made a lot of very important decisions, and the first step, was to build an atomic bomb. After it was built, President Truman gave the Japanese a choice, to surrender, or to face the consequences. The Japanese didn't surrender and because of that, President Truman thought he had no choice and so, on August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.

The First Atomic Bomb ("Little Boy") That Was Dropped On Hiroshima.

Although, this wasn't enough and the Japanese still held on. So, President Truman issued another bomb to be dropped, but this time on Nagasaki. So a few days after "Little Boy" was dropped, the second bomb called "Fat Man" was dropped on August, 1945

"Fat Man" getting loaded and ready to be dropped on Nagasaki.

This finally caused Japan to surrender. These atomic bombs were considered mandatory since it was believed to save future lives by costing less. They had many short effects that devastated Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and all of Japan.

The Aftermath in Nagasaki.

In both Hiroshima and Nagasaki, many innocent people were killed, a majority later died or were left with wounds or radiation, and the remaining were homeless and left there.

Dr. Nagai who survived the atomic bomb on Nagasaki, but later died to radiation.

These bombs finally ended the war because Japan was the last stop. Since the German, and the Italians had already surrendered, the only problem left for the allies was Japan. As the bombs bombarded Japan, it finally made them cave in and surrender. Even though World War II had cost so many lives, the fact that it was finally over filled the allies with joy.

New York's Time Square, where many people gathered to hear about Japan's terms of surrender.

World War II - During the War

Map of World War II in the Pacific Ocean.

Bombing in Pearl Harbor, with Battleship Arizona in the back.

This is important because: Pearl Harbor was the most disastrous moment in the U.S. and it led many to believe that, after the "day of infamy" it is time to go to war.

A Japanese Naval Ship that is trying to maneuver itself to dodge U.S. carrier planes.

This is very important because: The Battle of Midway helped shift the balance of naval power to the United States for the first time in WWII.

U.S. Soldiers marching to the coast, during D-Day.

This is important because: D-Day was one of the greatest allied achievements, by landing many men, and supplies on the coast of Calais.

American Troops passing the Siegfried Line heading for Germany.

This is important because: The Battle of the Bulge was Germany's "last chance" to break from the allies. Although, at the end of this battle, the Germans were pushed back, and had many casualties and fatalities.

The Preparations of invading and breaking the resistance of Iwo Jima.

This is important because: Iwo Jima was the time where we had many losses, but also the most memorable and heroic moments. After the capture, victory for the allies was in sight.

Beginnings of WWII

Tank demolition demostration in Bückeburg.

In this picture, it shows a vast amount of tanks that were prepared to demonstrate their power, in the city of Bückeburg, Germany. This arrangement of tanks, shows how much Germany has prepared for their revenge, and how their army has increased in numbers. Germany, was to break the Treaty of Versailles and with this much power in their hands, it would be difficult to stop them. Also, with Hitler as their dictator, he would lead them to a revival that would annihilate millions. This demonstration, would persuade people of the greatness and promises that Hitler could provide. So, with these tanks at the harvest festival, it would show people the revival of Germany's rise to power.

Cinderella Man

Social Problems Due to Poverty In The 1930's:


The Stock Market Crash led the life of luxury to the life of poverty:

• It forced children to sleep in the kitchen to save electricity and money.

• Sometimes parents lied to their children in order to give them more food, since it was scarce to obtain it.

A family who is stricken by poverty, with the mother and father pondering about their children's future.

• Many people looked for jobs during this economy, and since there were a mass amount of unemployment, there could only be a certain amount of people who can be hired.

• Some people even tried to hide their injuries in order to get a job and survive.

• Since a majority of people were facing poverty, people had to live in Hoovervilles that were mostly located in parks, like central park.

Hoovervilles located in the outskirts of New York.

• People were so poor they couldn't support their family, and so they had no choice but to send their kids away.

• Like in the movie, James did anything he could and ended up asking for money just so he could get his kids back.

• Poverty struck families so hard, that for birthdays all the kids needed to share one cake, since the parents couldn't really afford one.

• Workers even got paid less than they usually have if the economy wasn't as horrible. An example in the movie was, when James got paid $250 from his boxing match than what he got before which was $8860.

• People who seemed rich tried to maintain their image, even if it means selling their furniture and other things.

New Deal

The New Deal was a program which involved laws that Franklin D. Roosevelt passed to provide economic relief, recovery, and reform, during the Great Depression.

Some of the Major Programs included:

Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC) - The FDIC also known as the Emergency Banking Act, was a program that shut down all the banks to check the health of the banks, and  to make sure that it is secure to restore American faith in the banks.

Securities and Exchange Commission  (SEC) - The SEC program was intended to expose full information on the stocks, and the SEC would be the ones regulating the market.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - The TVA program helped farmers and created more job opportunities like restoring a power plant, that would help the Tennessee River Valley.

Social Security Act (SSA) - The SSA provided a insurance to the elderly workers, workers caught in accidents, the unemployed, for dependent mothers and children, and the handicapped.

National Labor Relations Board (NLRA) - The NLRA also known as the Wagner Act, it helped look into allegations of wrong-doings by workers, and others, and also conducing elections, and deciding and resolving cases. 

Works Progress Administration (WPA) - The WPA helped provided about 8 million Americans work, by building or reconstructing schools, hospitals, airfields, etc.

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) - The FLSA banned child labor, and also set a minimum wage for workers.

Dust Bowl

The Dust Bowl was a period in the 1930's where there were many severe sandstorms that affect the United States, economically, and agriculturally. It caused droughts and hurt many farmers along the way. The droughts limited food supply, and the sandstorms ended up darkened the sky. This was a horrible follow up of the stock market crash that just occurred. The dust bowl mainly affected the region of Oklahoma, and the states near it. America was already going through a tough time with the economy, but now the dust storms made it even worse. Many people, ended up moving out west to find safety and jobs during the Dust Bowl.

Map:


This is a map of the states that were effected by the dust bowl.

Pictures:

This is a picture of what the dust storms looked like.

These men are caught in the Dust Storms or also known as the "black blizzards"

The Dust Bowl wrecked and damaged the agriculture and the lives of the people.

By: Dorothea Lange, a photograph of a "32 year old poverty-stricken mother," who was affected by the dust bowl. It shows the hardships that it brought to families.

Many of the people  affected by the Dust Bowl (named "Okies") sought out refugee and went to the West Coast.